| NAME | |
|---|---|
| Chinese Name | 刘范, 劉範, Liú Fàn |
| Nickname | Left General of the Household; Liu Yan's eldest son |
| Other name | Lưu Phạm |
| INFORMATION | |
| Birth Place | Jingling, Jiangxia (Tianmen, Hubei) |
| Died | 194 |
| Death Reason | Killed in 194 after the Ma Teng–Li Jue plot leaked (novel: beheaded with Ma Yu and Zhong Shao; history: died in the rout at Huaili / Changping Watch) |
| FAMILY | |
| Father | |
| Relatives | |
| CAREER | |
| Allegiance | Eastern Han / Liu Yan's Yi house |
| Battles | 194 Chang'an rising with Ma Teng and Han Sui against Li Jue and Guo Si (Romance Chapter 10). |
Biography & Historical Record
Liu Fan (刘范, Lưu Phạm), ?–194, eldest son of Yi Province Governor Liu Yan (刘焉, Lưu Yên), courtesy Junlang (君郎, Quân Lang), was Left General of the Gentlemen of the Household (左中郎将) at Chang’an while his father held Yi. Brothers: Liu Dan (刘诞, Lưu Đản), Imperial Clerk; Liu Mao (刘瑁, Lưu Mạo) who stayed in Yi — not the unrelated 刘貌 at /liu-mao/; and Liu Zhang (刘璋, Lưu Chương), courtesy Jiyu (季玉, Quý Ngọc), later Governor of Yi. In Xingping 1 (194) Ma Teng (马腾, Mã Đằng) and Han Sui (韩遂, Hàn Toại) moved on the Li Jue clique. Liu Fan, with Attendant Ma Yu (马宇, Mã Vũ — not the Shu /ma-yu/ 马玉), former Liang inspector Zhong Shao (种邵, Chủng Thiệu), and Du Bing, agreed to rise inside the capital. Liu Yan sent five thousand Yi “Sou” troops to help. The plot leaked. Accounts differ: Chen Shou has Liu Fan flee to Huaili and die when Ma Teng is beaten; the Yingxiongji has him reach Ma Teng’s camp and fall at Changping Watch with Zhong Shao. Liu Dan was seized and executed. Pang Xi (庞羲, Bàng Hy) smuggled the grandsons into Yi. Liu Yan died of back sores after the double loss; Liu Zhang succeeded.
Role in Romance of the Three Kingdoms
Chapter 10 (Ma Teng Raises Righteous Troops for the House; Cao Cao Mobilizes to Avenge His Father): Ma Teng (马腾, Mã Đằng) and Han Sui (韩遂, Hàn Toại) bring more than a hundred thousand toward Chang’an, claiming a secret edict. Inside the city the novel names Attendant Ma Yu, remonstrating grandee Zhong Shao, and Left General Liu Fan (刘范, Lưu Phạm) as the three who were to open the gates. A servant of Ma Yu denounces the households. Li Jue (李傕, Lý Thôi) and Guo Si (郭汜, Quách Dĩ) wipe out the three families and hang the heads on the gate. Ma Teng and Han Sui, grain gone and inside help dead, retreat; Zhang Ji and Fan Chou pursue. The novel does not say Liu Fan is Liu Yan’s son — that identification is history, and it is the right 汉字 for this slug. The same chapter then turns to Cao Cao’s Qingzhou war and the Xu revenge.
Liu Fan (刘范) — Historical & Literary Timeline
Left General at Chang’an
Hostage-official of the Yi house: Fan, Dan, and Zhang at court; Mao stays with Liu Yan.
Inside man for Ma Teng
Agrees to rise against Li Jue. Novel: Ma Yu’s servant talks; three families butchered at the market. History: leak, flight, death at Huaili or Changping Watch.
Yi succession
Liu Dan killed; Pang Xi saves the grandsons; Liu Yan dies of grief; Liu Zhang inherits Yi.
See 刘范 and Shu 1 (刘二牧传).
Key Relationships
Family
- Father Liu Yan (刘焉, Lưu Yên), Governor of Yi.
- Brothers Liu Dan (刘诞, Lưu Đản) (killed with him), Liu Mao (刘瑁, Lưu Mạo) (plain text — /liu-mao/ is 刘貌), Liu Zhang (刘璋, Lưu Chương).
- Sons rescued into Yi by Pang Xi (庞羲, Bàng Hy).
Friends
- Ma Teng (马腾, Mã Đằng): the outside army he agreed to open Chang’an for.
- Co-conspirators Ma Yu (马宇, Mã Vũ) and Zhong Shao (种邵, Chủng Thiệu) — plain text; do not use /ma-yu/ (马玉 of Shu).
Enemies
- Li Jue (李傕, Lý Thôi) and Guo Si (郭汜, Quách Dĩ): the Dong Zhuo remnants who kill the inside houses and beat Ma Teng in the field.
Other
- Han Sui (韩遂, Hàn Toại): second Liang column in Chapter 10; later let go by Fan Chou in the novel’s chase.
- Emperor Xian (刘协, Lưu Hiệp): the sovereign whose “secret edict” the novel hangs on the plot.
In Novel
Chapter 10
- Liu Fan (刘范, Lưu Phạm): Left General of the Household, one of three Chang'an insiders (with Ma Yu and Zhong Shao) who take a secret edict to aid Ma Teng (马腾, Mã Đằng) and Han Sui (韩遂, Hàn Toại) against Li Jue (李傕, Lý Thôi) and Guo Si (郭汜, Quách Dĩ). Ma Yu's servant denounces them; the three households are beheaded and the heads hung on the gate. Grain gone, Ma Teng retreats. The novel never says he is Liu Yan (刘焉, Lưu Yên)'s son — history does, and that is this 汉字.
In History
Summary
- Liu Fan (刘范, Lưu Phạm), eldest son of Liu Yan, Left General at Chang'an, died in the failed 194 rising with Ma Teng against Li Jue. Liu Dan was executed; Pang Xi saved the grandsons; Liu Yan died of back sores; Liu Zhang took Yi.
Year: 194
- Xingping 1: Ma Teng at Baqiao; Fan as inside man; Yi Sou troops sent; leak; Fan killed (Huaili / Changping Watch); Dan executed.
Historical Record
- Sanguozhi Shu 1 (刘二牧传); Pei quoting Yingxiongji; Hou Hanshu 9, 72, 75. Novel Ch.10 keeps the three-name inside list and the servant's betrayal, and drops the father–son bond.
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