| NAME | |
|---|---|
| Chinese Name | 李氏, Lǐ Shì |
| Nickname | Heroic Martyr of Jiangyou (江油烈妇 / 马邈妻) |
| Other name | Lý phu nhân, Mã Miêu thê |
| INFORMATION | |
| Born | c. 230s AD |
| Birth Place | Jiangyou, Liangshan (江油关; Jiangyou, Sichuan) |
| Died | 263 AD |
| Death Reason | Suicide by hanging for righteous loyalty (treo cổ tuẫn tiết vì nghĩa khi chồng đầu hàng Đặng Ngải) |
| FAMILY | |
| Spouse | |
| Relatives | |
| CAREER | |
| Allegiance | Shu Han |
| Battles | Fall of Jiangyou (263 AD) |
Biography & Historical Record
Lady Li (李氏, Lý phu nhân; c. 230s–263 AD) was a celebrated heroine and martyr of Shu Han, and the wife of Ma Miao, the military commander of the strategic mountain fortress of Jiangyou Pass.
In winter 263 AD, Wei general Deng Ai (邓艾) led his elite strike force across the unnavigable mountains of Yinping, descending miraculously before the gates of Jiangyou. While Ma Miao panicked and prepared to surrender without resistance, Lady Li sternly confronted him, weeping in righteous fury: “You bear the high favor of our sovereign and command an impenetrable citadel; yet when enemies arrive, you do not think of death for the state, but scheme only for treasonous surrender! What shame will you face before the world?”
Ignoring her pleas, Ma Miao opened the gates and surrendered Jiangyou to Deng Ai. Disgusted by her husband’s cowardice, Lady Li retreated to the inner chambers and hanged herself to preserve her loyalty to Shu Han. Deeply moved by her unyielding heroism, Deng Ai personally visited her bier, praised her as an extraordinary heroine, and ordered a magnificent burial with full general’s honors.
Role in Romance of the Three Kingdoms
Chapter 117: In one of the most tragic and inspiring episodes of the fall of Shu, the poem mourns Lady Li (李氏): “The commander within the pass lacked even a shred of shame, but his virtuous wife demonstrated the courage of a true hero!”
Lady Li (李氏) — Historical & Literary Timeline
Garrison at Jiangyou
Accompanies husband Ma Miao guarding the critical pass of Jiangyou.
Heroic Martyrdom
Rebukes Ma Miao’s surrender to Deng Ai and hangs herself for righteous loyalty.
See historical sources cited below.
Key Relationships
Family
In Historical Accounts
- Huayang Guo Zhi (华阳国志): Volume 7 (Records of Liu Shan): "Ma Miao surrendered Jiangyou to Deng Ai. Miao's wife, Lady Li, took her own life out of righteous indignation. Deng Ai was profoundly moved and buried her with supreme honors."
In History
Summary
- Lady Li (李氏, Lý phu nhân; ?–263 AD) was a heroic martyr of Shu Han who died rather than surrender to Deng Ai.
Historical Record
- Huayang Guo Zhi Volume 7.
- Sanguozhi Volume 28.
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