| NAME | |
|---|---|
| Chinese Name | 程畿, 程畿, Chéng Jī |
| Nickname | Naval commander who never fled (平生未尝退) |
| Other name | Trình Cơ |
| Courtesy name | Jiran (季然, Kỷ Nhiên) |
| INFORMATION | |
| Birth Place | Langzhong, Baxi (巴西阆中; Ba Tây Lãng Trung, Tứ Xuyên) |
| Died | 222 AD |
| Death Reason | Suicide by sword after flagship overwhelmed at Battle of Yiling (222 AD); refused to flee |
| FAMILY | |
| Children | |
| Relatives | |
| CAREER | |
| Allegiance | Liu Zhang; Shu Han |
| Battles |
|
Biography & Historical Record
Cheng Ji (程畿, Trình Cơ), courtesy name Jiran (季然, Kỷ Nhiên), was a loyal Shu attendant and naval commander. During Liu Bei (刘备, Lưu Bị)‘s eastern campaign at the Battle of Yiling in 222 AD, Cheng Ji commanded the upper Yangtze naval detachment. When Shu land forces were consumed by Lu Xun (陆逊, Lục Tốn)‘s fire attack and routed downstream, his officers pleaded that he flee upstream. Cheng Ji sternly replied: “In all my military career, I have never fled from an enemy!” He drew his sword and fought until his flagship was overwhelmed, then sliced his own throat to preserve his honor.
Homonym note: Not Cheng Ji (成济, Thành Tế), the Wei officer who killed Cao Mao in Chapter 114.
Role in Romance of the Three Kingdoms
Chapter 84 (Lu Xun Burns the Linked Camps at Yiling; Liu Bei Takes Refuge at Baidi): As the fire attack sweeps Liu Bei’s wooden fortifications, Shu ships on the upper river are cut off. Cheng Ji refuses every call to retreat, fights on his flagship amid the inferno, and dies by his own blade — one of the named martyrs of Yiling alongside Feng Xi and Zhang Nan.
Cheng Ji (程畿) — Historical & Literary Timeline
Shu naval service
Commander under Liu Bei after Yi Province consolidation.
Martyrdom at Yiling
Refused retreat; fought to death on the Yangtze; suicide by sword.
Key Relationships
Family
- Sons Cheng Yu (程郁, Trình Úc) and Cheng Qi (程祁, Trình Kỳ): attested in later notices.
Friends
- Liu Bei (刘备, Lưu Bị): sovereign he served at Yiling.
- Fellow Yiling commanders Feng Xi (冯习), Zhang Nan (张南), and Fu Tong (傅彤) — shared last stand.
Enemies
- Lu Xun (陆逊, Lục Tốn): Wu commander whose fire attack destroyed the Shu camp.
Other
- Upper Yangtze naval detachment — Cheng Ji’s command at the encirclement.
- Officers who begged him to flee upstream — witnesses to his final words.
In Novel
Chapter 84
- Cheng Ji (程畿, Trình Cơ): Commands the upper-river Shu fleet as Lu Xun (陆逊, Lục Tốn)'s fire attack consumes the linked camps; when subordinates urge escape upstream, he declares he has never retreated in his career, fights on his flagship, and kills himself when overwhelmed.
In History
Summary
- Cheng Ji (程畿, Trình Cơ), styled Jiran; Shu naval commander; suicide at Yiling 222 AD after refusing retreat.
Year: 222 AD
- Commanded upper Yangtze detachment at Yiling; died fighting when flagship lost.
Historical Record
- Sanguozhi, Shu 2 (First Sovereign biography) and Lu Xun biography — Yiling commanders.
- Pei Songzhi on Cheng Ji's final words and suicide.
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